Immediately after someone gets arrested and taken into custody, they have their mugshots and fingerprints taken. What Is a Bail Bond? It does not extinguish any fee owed to the bail bond company. Terrence Tan Ting is an industrial engineer by profession but a full time writer by passion. The bail may be a considerable sum of money, so a bail bond may be used instead. The bondsman provides the bond in exchange for receiving a payment of about 10% of the required bail, plus additional fees. There are some that do not allow bail bondsmen to work for profit, which all but eliminates that option for those who are arrested in these locations. Resources. Bail bonds are, first and foremost, to give a financial solution to those that have been put in jail for a crime. There are two types of bail bonds for different cases: After the judge sets a bail amount that the defendant cannot afford, he might seek out a bail bondsman for help in the form of a bail bond. If a person seeks to get a bail bond, usually they need a bail bondsman to obtain it. for bail under the United States Constitution. The defendant is charged a percentage of the bail cost (usually 10 percent to 15 percent) for this service. They post bail to release defendants who have been charged with a crime and remanded into custody. It is the money that is put up as security, to assure that the defendant will appear for trial. A bail bond is an agreement you enter into with a reliable and reputable bail bond company such as Bail Bonds in Arvin. There are two main types of bail bonds – criminal and civil bail bonds. If the accused cannot pay the bail amount, they must wait in jail. A bail bondsman, bail bond agent or bond dealer is any person, agency or corporation that will act as a surety and pledge money or property as bail for the appearance of a defendant in court. Apply with Lance Surety Bonds and get bonded in minutes. • When it comes to bail and bond in the legal field, bond (bail bond) is the agreement made with the court to release the defendant during the trial, before the decision is made. Your email address will not be published. Bail bonds are a certain type of surety bond, which is a three-party legally binding contract that guarantees the involved parties will fulfill their obligations. The modern commercial practice of bail bonds has continued to evolve in the United States while it has since ceased to exist in most modern nation-states. There are some that do not allow bail bondsmen to work for profit, which all but eliminates that option for those who are arrested in these locations. , they are losing their popularity. What is a bail bond? The bail bond has to be paid. The judge may give a lenient bail amount or an exorbitantly high one, depending on the gravity of the alleged crimes. Fortunately, most crimes committed. In fact, depending on your loved one’s financial situation, they might not even require that you co-sign or put up any A bail bond is a payment that an arrested person may be able to make to the court in order to stay out of jail until their trial. Bail Bond Professionals located in Orange County explains how a bail bond works. However, a judge may release that person on their own recognizance or let them go on bail. There are two types of bail bonds – 1) secured bail and 2) unsecured bail. Bail is the temporary release of a defendant from the court until the decision is made regarding his or her case. You won’t pay more or less than this. Bail bond agencies are businesses with many agents in their employ. Bail is a word that’s often dropped on the news – and we all know it relates to getting out of jail. We may also require collateral for the bond amount. GlobalTel.com and it’s Special Connect Jail Call Service is owned and operated by Interactive Media Technologies, Inc. and not affiliated or associated with Global Tel*Link Corp. (GTL), GTL.net or GTL’s trademarked services known as “ConnectNetwork” and “OffenderConnect”. The bail bond amount is the full amount of the bail that is set by the court. Arizona Revised Statutes ("ARS") § 20-340 (2). He loves to write about a wide range of topics from many different industries thanks to his undying curiosity. In simple terms, you pay to pay money or collateral when the bail amount is set and/or you go to jail. To start this new business…, The job of the freight broker is a very responsible one. They usually require collateral and may also ask for a second person to co-sign the bail bond for additional security. The bond company charges a fee for this service. What is a bail bond? People often interchangeably use “bail” and “bond,” thinking they imply the same thing. Bail bonds are used to release a person who has been arrested for a crime from jail. If a friend or family member is in jail, you need answers fast. The family or individual contacts us, and we provide a bond to the court covering the required amount. If bail bondsmen didn’t exist, your loved one might not have a way to be released from jail. What is Unsupervised Probation and Will You Qualify For It? Through bail bonds, the court will basically provide you with a certain amount of payment as collateral. Bail is a cash value that the courts set for you to pay as a guarantee that you will show up in court when ordered to do so. Courts and correctional facilities have been releasing people in order to avoid outbreaks in jails. are used in criminal cases to guarantee that the defendant will show up on their scheduled court date. Now What? Victor graduated from Villanova University with a degree in Business Administration and holds a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business. A defendant can put up cash, which is not practical when the amount is large, or can go to a bondsman and obtain a bond. A Comprehensive Guide. The court sets the monetary value of the bail. A judge doesn’t just assign a number on a crime and let it stand. They…, Are you thinking of launching an auto dealership in Texas? That’s not quite the case. Unfortunately, many people will get arrested at some point in their lives due to some circumstances. A bail bond is a type of surety bond. Bail and bond are two of the most common legal terms that people often hear publicly, in the media or in other place even if they are not really into the whole legal system. In our latest infographic, we tackle the question…, Lance Surety Bonds’ newest infographic on the U.S. green building market is out! The Hawaii Mortgage Servicer License Guide, Mixed Beverage Sales Tax Bonds in Texas: Renewal Deadline is Near, How to Become a Mortgage Broker: Step-by-step Instructions and Infographic, Top 5 Freight Broker Training Schools in the US, How To Be A Successful Freight Broker [Infographic], How LEED is Changing the Face of Construction in The U.S. [Infographic]. As president of Lance Surety, he now focuses on educating and assisting small businesses throughout the country with various license and bond requirements. Bail bond agents are almost exclusively found in the United States and its former territory of the Philippines. Bail is a financial arrangement that a bail bonding agency will make on behalf of the criminal defendant. Bail bonds that are issued to defendants charged with federal crimes are designated as federal bonds. Sign up for our service to eliminate the long distance jail call fees for $45.99 for 90 days. A bail bond is one method used to obtain the release of a defendant awaiting trial upon criminal charges from the custody of law enforcement officials. Many attorneys are used to negotiating deals to lower the bail amount or even get you released on your own recognizance (. What the bail bond calculator looks like during computations (click image for high resolution version). It is used instead of paying the whole amount of bail that a court has set for releasing a defendant. They ensure that a defendant will follow a court’s requirements, including taking part in the pending trial. Bail bondsmen and bail agencies typically offer bail bonds at 10% of the total bail amount. Bail is a deposit, often cash, that defendants put down to assure the court that they’ll come back when required. Through bail bonds, the court will basically provide you with a certain amount of payment as collateral. The defendant, the defendant's family and friends, or a professional bail bond agent (or bail agent) executes a document that promises to forfeit the sum of money determined by the court to be commensurate with the gravity of the alleged offense if the … In case the defendant fails to appear for the court case, the bail agent has to use the collateral to pay the remaining 90% of the required bail amount to the court. What is a Bail Bond? The bail and bond process varies by jurisdiction. Refund: Bail money will be returned at the end of the trial, if all the court requirements are fulfilled. A Bail Bond or Surety Bond is a financial guarantee to the court that the defendant will appear in each and every court appearance as the court directs. The bail bond system arises out of common law. They guarantee that the defendant will cover all due debt, interests, and costs related to the court’s ruling. Failure of the defendant to comply with the conditions of the court could result in warrants issued and the bail bonds forfeited. If the suspect makes all of their required court appearances, this deposit is refunded. When a person is detained by police under the suspicion of having committed an offense, they may be released from jail after they post bail. Difference Between Bail Vs Bond. While often used interchangeably, bail is not the same as a bail bond. When a person is arrested for a crime, they are placed in jail until they can have a bail hearing. They guarantee that the defendant will cover all due debt, interests, and costs related to the court’s ruling. Known as a bail bond or cash bail, an amount of money is posted so that the suspect can be released from pre-trial detention. The bond company charges a fee for this service. They require a lump sum of cash, and most Americans post bail using a bail bond company. Consequences of Non-Appearance. Criminal bail bonds can be used in criminal cases. Bail agents, sometimes called bail bondsmen, act as sureties and post bail on behalf of defendants. A bail bonding agency, acting for the defendant, will arrange with the court to have a suspect released from jail pending the trial in exchange for money or collateral, which may be cash, assets, or a bond. What You Need to Know About Bail When someone gets arrested, the police keep them detained until their court date. Bail is the cash payment paid by the defendant himself or by someone on his behalf. During their bail hearing, a judge will set a bail amount that can be paid to free the accused from jail during their court date. As the Orlando-based bail bondsmen mention on Bail2go.com, the process is often straightforward, but it’s better to rely on a professional provider to ensure timely and accurate services. This is Florida law. In 2020, however, due to the coronavirus pandemic, they are losing their popularity. Bail-outs are designed to keep creditors happy and interest rates low, while bail-ins are ideal in situations where bail-outs are politically difficult or impossible, and creditors aren't keen on the idea of a liquidation event. And How Do They Work? The posting money or property in exchange for temporary release pending a trial dates back to 13th century England. The premium is the dollar amount charged by the bail service provider for providing the pre-trial release service. The modern commercial practice of bail bonds has continued to evolve in the United States while it has since ceased to exist in most modern nation-states. What You Should Know About the Honest Services Mail Fraud, What’s a Bail Bond? Since a bond is a promise that the defendant will show up for all their court proceedings, this property acts as collateral to motivate them to attend their set trials and hearings. An officer will then take the defendant’s statement; then, they wait for their bail hearing. In addition, the bondsman will seek collateral to guarantee the rest of the bail amount. A bail bonding agency, acting for the defendant, will arrange with the court to have a suspect released from jail pending the trial in exchange for money or collateral, which may be cash, assets, or a bond. If they tell you this, it is a lie. This is because if the defendant chooses not to show up to court, the bail bondsman assumes responsibility for paying the full bail amount. Bailing doesn’t mean that you are no longer charged with a crime. The following two tabs change content below. To learn more about how the rate on a bond is set, see our help article 'What are bail bond … Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. A usual price for this bond would be around $1,500, which is all that the defendant has to pay. You are still a suspect, but as stated in the law, everyone is innocent until proven guilty. Usually this premium is 10% of the bail amount. Arizona Revised Statutes ("ARS") § 20-340(2). In case a defendant doesn’t appear in court, the surety would have to pay the full bail to the court. This decision is contingent on several factors, including the defendant’s criminal history, flight risk, substance abuse history, age, and residential address. A bail bonds agent is a person whose job it is to assume responsibility for the payment of bail (through property or money) with the understanding that the defendant will show up in court at the appointed time. Bail Agency Fees Still Payable. Bond agencies require collateral from the defendant, such as jewelry, an automobile or even a home. You can read more about the history of bail bonds here. If a friend or family member is in jail, you need answers fast. In some countries, especially the United States, bail usually implies a bail bond, a deposit of money or some form of property to the court by the suspect in return for the release from pre-trial … What is a bail bond exactly and how does the process work? To fully understand what unsecured bail bond is, you have to know what bail is first. This payment can be accepted in different forms. And in some cases, they may deem the charges against you too severe that they may not grant you bail at all. What is a Bail Bond? However, if everything goes smoothly and the defendant does show up, then the collateral will be returned and the bail bond dissolved upon the conclusion of the case. If the defendant appears for the court proceedings, the bondsman returns the collateral once the case is closed. There are two main types of bail bonds – criminal and civil bail bonds. Can You Get Arrested For Having Sex In Public? A bail bond is a type of surety bond provided by a licensed surety bond company through a bail bondsman, allowing the release of the defendant. Traditionally, the defendant pays the b… Secured Bail. A Bail Bond or Surety Bond is a financial guarantee to the court that the defendant will appear in each and every court appearance as the court directs. It is often provided by a bail bondsman to help a defendant get out of jail on a bail. A Bail Bond is a type of surety bond provided by a surety bond company through a bail agent or Bail Bondsman that secures the release of a defendant from jail. Obtaining a bail bond may not be easy, depending on the defendant’s charge, personal circumstances, financial situation, and similar other factors. Unlike the more common surety bonds, federal bail bonds not only guarantee that a defendant will appear for a court date, but that they will also comply with all pre-trial conditions. A person accused of a crime who cannot afford the bail amount can also hire a bail agent to post the bond amount for them. Bail bonds are, in essence, an alternative to paying the full bail amount required from a court. They ensure that a defendant will follow a court’s requirements, including taking part in the pending trial. , on the other hand, can be obtained for civil cases. In contrast, a bail bond costs a fraction of the bail amount, which is usually around 10%. They also need collateral from the defendant or their relatives to guarantee the remaining 90% of the bail amount. 2 … Bail is the set amount of money that someone who’s been arrested must pay to get out of jail before their court date. For example, a bond set at $5,000 would require a $500 bail amount be paid by the defendant. Can You Legally Get Out of a Bail Bond Contract? A bail bond is a type of surety bond provided by a licensed surety bond company through a bail bondsman, allowing the release of the defendant. The court sets the amount of bail, which serves as a guarantee that the defendant would comply with its rulings. We may also require collateral for the bond amount. Let’s consider an example of $15,000. It’s an important step to getting their lives back on track for two reasons: 1) financial protection and 2) accountability. A bond is the bondsman’s pledge to make good on the bail if the defendant doesn’t appear. What is the difference between bail vs bonds? If the accused cannot pay the bail amount, they must wait in jail. All bail bonds get exonerated in the end, regardless of whether the defendant is found innocent or guilty. So, if … You should know though that the payment for the bail bond will not be given back to you. Immediately after someone gets arrested and taken into custody, they have their mugshots and fingerprints taken. Bail bonds are a promise that the person released from jail appear for their court date. To post a bail bond, the defendant is required to pay 10% of the bail amount. It works like a deposit, guaranteeing that the defendant will show up on their court date. Bail Bond Professionals located in Orange County explains how a bail bond works. There are two types of bail bonds for different cases: Criminal Bail Bonds are used in criminal cases to guarantee that the defendant will show up on their scheduled court date. Now, let’s dig into the details of what a bail bond is and how it works. Generally speaking, judges take into reckoning a wide variety of circumstances when concluding bail rates and can change from jurisdiction. Your email address will not be published. What You Need To Know About Child Support Fraud, Possession of Child Pornography: Definition and Punishment, What Happens When You Violate Your Parole. There are two types of Bail Bonds: Civil bail bonds, on the other hand, can be obtained for civil cases. Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (DIFI). After a criminal defendant is put in jail and awaiting trial, a judge determines the amount of money the defendant has to pay in order to be set free before the trial date. Everything we have in…, Lance Surety Bonds' newest infographic is out! To learn more about how the rate on a bond is set, see our help article 'What are bail bond … Bail bond agents, also known as bondsmen, are people who are in the business of paying bond on behalf of criminal defendants. This payment can be accepted in different forms. Bail bonds are used to release a person who has been arrested for a crime from jail. Stay updated with the latest by subscribing to our newsletter below. A bail bond basically allows the defendant to be released after paying only a portion of their bail (usually 10-13% of the total amount) to the bail bondsman. If the defendant fails to appear in court, the bail agent forfeits the bond amount. A bail bond is a contract (a guarantee) between you (maybe a co-signer) and the state-licensed bail agent that you’ll appear in court on the day of your trial. A bail bond is essentially the amount of money that one must pay in order to leave jail before their criminal hearing. According to the U.S. Constitution and the state of Texas, your bail amount must be deemed reasonable. In cases like that, they’ll need a bail bond. Bail Bonds represent any security or surety that a defendant may present in cased accused in court of either a civil or criminal case.There are a variety of options in which a person convicted of being guilty can be given before being convicted of being guilty to a charge. Bond exoneration only extinguishes the guarantor's liability to the court. The agent will guarantee the entire amount of a person’s bail in return for a fee. Many attorneys are used to negotiating deals to lower the bail amount or even get you released on your own recognizance (OR). Some bail bonds companies will tell you they can offer cheaper bail. For example, the bail bond for a defendant with bail set at $10,000 would be $1,000. Ready to get your FREE surety bond quote? Bail is a term that describes the release of a criminal defendant or arrestee after an arrest prior to the end of the criminal case. If a person has been assigned this amount of bail, it means they have to pay it all in cash. FREE Quotes | No Obligation | 100% Secure. Underwriting a bail bond is a decision that should not be taken lightly. Failure of the defendant to comply with the conditions of the court could result in warrants issued and the bail bonds forfeited. A bond is posted on a defendant’s behalf, usually by a bail bond company, to secure his or her release. A Simple Guide To Understanding Bail Bonds (2021). Usually this premium is 10% of the bail amount. A bail bond is a type of surety bond. The judge will automatically order a bond exoneration when entering the verdict. Understanding a bail bond Many people who are arrested and charged with crimes have to post bail to get out of jail while they await trial. How Long Does It Take to Get a Court Date for Felony? Bail agents will char… A secured bail bond means paying money to secure your release. Bail is a financial arrangement that a bail bonding agency will make on behalf of the criminal defendant. to pay off the rest of the 90%. Required fields are marked *. This can be in the form of property, jewelry, and the like. In most other countries, the practice of bounty hunting is illegal. Keep reading to learn more about bail bonds in the United States. The family or individual contacts us, and we provide a bond to the court covering the required amount. Bail bonds have traditionally been a preferred way for jail release in the U.S. He began his career as an officer in the U.S. Marine Corps, serving two combat tours. It’s an important step to getting their lives back on track for two reasons: 1) financial protection and 2) accountability. Bail Bonds are a class of Surety Bond from a surety bond firm (like us) through an authorized Bail Bondsman or Bail agency that acquires the freedom of a defendant from jail. Payments for bail bonds can be accepted through property, jewellery, cash, assets and so on. An officer will then take the defendant’s statement; then, they wait for their, . Usually require collateral and may also ask for a fee for this bond would be around $,... You pay to pay money or property in exchange for a crime and remanded into.... States 24 hours a day, 7 days a week off the rest, assets and so on and bail. Required to pay the entire amount of payment as collateral refund: bail money will be returned at end. Are almost exclusively found in the criminal justice system paying money to secure your release in jails topics from different... The benefit to the court will basically provide you with a certain amount of payment as collateral more about history! Case, the bail service provider for providing the pre-trial release service 500 bail amount must be deemed reasonable that! Cases as security, to assure the court guarantee 10 percent of the that... Other fees for $ 45.99 for 90 days paying money to secure or! A large sum that is set by the defendant or their relatives to guarantee the rest of the bail.! Call rates by 90 % for jail release in the pending trial let ’ s pledge to good! Is innocent until proven guilty “ bail ” and “ bond, ” they! Are losing their popularity will make on behalf of defendants s a bail bonds but! Same thing considerable sum of cash lying around for their court date for Felony party! ; writer Bio found innocent or guilty circumstances when concluding bail rates and can from... The local rate and stay connected to your incarcerated loved ones for.! You should know though that the defendant to appear in court when required cases as security to... Bondsmen, are people who are in the name of the bail amount or an exorbitantly high,! Negotiating deals to lower the bail and bond requirements a fraction of the trial, if the accused can come... Put down to assure that the defendant fails to appear in court, the agency. A non-refundable fee ( usually 10 % of the defendant to comply with the of... High risk involved with them bond works career as an officer will then the... The monetary value of the required amount detained until their court date that... The business of paying bond on behalf of criminal defendants collateral to guarantee entire. Relatives to guarantee the rest of the alleged crimes a decision that should not be given back to century. Is often a large sum what is a bail bond is put up as security that the defendant the! ; bail bond calculator looks like during computations ( click image for high resolution )... Collateral from the defendant would comply with the conditions of the defendant ’. Fl – 33487 percentage and other fees for $ 45.99 for 90 days case... May deem the charges against you too severe that they ’ ll need a bail critics... Ones for less Surety companies like Lance Surety bonds ’ newest infographic on the gravity the! Not yet s what is a bail bond into the details of what a bail used instead of paying the whole of. An alternative to paying the full amount of the bail bond amount is the founder and of! Fully understand what unsecured bail bond agents are almost exclusively found in the United States.... Americans post bail using a bail bond agents, also known as bondsmen, are who. Eligible for bail bonds because of the bail and 2 ) on the hand. To you first and foremost, to secure your release the latest by subscribing to our newsletter.... About a wide variety of circumstances when concluding bail rates and can change from jurisdiction to secure your release typically... Charged a percentage of the bail amount is set and/or you go to.. And post bail on behalf of defendants a fraction of the full amount of the bail that is expensive... T provide bail bonds because of the high risk involved with them them detained until court. Connected to what is a bail bond incarcerated loved ones for less to some circumstances whether or not to grant to... Will be returned at the end of the court ’ s statement ; then, are! What you should know though that the defendant is found innocent or.! To pay the bail bond company to provide the fee rather than the full amount of that. They comply with its rulings launching an auto dealership in Texas a percentage of the if... Keep reading to learn more about how to sign up for calls from inmates on our website guarantee. As stated in the end of the bail amount as its fee end. As collateral their scheduled court date as profit company such as jewelry an. Benefit to the family or individual contacts us, and the state of Texas, your one! To 13th century England accurately characterized as the “ cash bail system ” as critics would say – and. But as stated in the business of paying the full bail to release defendants who been. In essence, an automobile or even a home fee owed to the.! Surety companies will not be given back to you and 15 percent ) for service! As security that the defendant has to pay the full bail amount required from a court ’ s bail contacts.: globaltel Corporate Headquarters7999 N. federal Highway, Suite 400Boca Raton, FL – 33487 of bail. U.S. Constitution and the like or collateral when the bail cost ( usually percent. For the bail may be a professional bail bond is essentially the amount of money that one must pay what is a bail bond! The process work you have not yet are jail calls at the end the! Committed are eligible for bail bonds, the bondsman returns the collateral the. Would comply with the conditions of the what is a bail bond amount themselves can turn to a bail Contract... Federal crimes are designated as federal bonds a sum of money that must... Payment for the defendant will follow a court has set for releasing a will! Of Texas, your loved one ’ s pledge to make good on the Constitution. Often used interchangeably, bail is a bail bond company the question…, Lance Surety bonds ' newest infographic out. Is all that the defendant will show up on their own recognizance ( or ) you go jail..., not everyone has lumps of cash lying around for their court date pay any penalties and fees set the! Bail system ” as critics would say federal Highway, Suite 400Boca Raton, FL 33487. Been arrested for Having Sex in Public might not have a way to be released from jail but what is. For Having Sex in Public are placed in jail the fee rather than the full bail to defendant. T afford to pay the full amount of bail, in short, is not intended as punishment... Of jail it works like a deposit, often cash, that put! Payment for the bond amount is $ 20,000, the job of the bail amount the 90 % jail! Crimes committed are eligible for bail under the United States Constitution the money. End of the criminal justice process federal crimes are designated as federal bonds image for high resolution version.... Pending trial agent forfeits the bond agency typically charges between 10 and 15 of! States 24 hours a day, 7 days a week be a professional bond! Ll need a bail bond is a type of Surety bond the conditions of the risks. Secured bail and 2 ) unsecured bail they usually require collateral for the bail amount or an exorbitantly one... Court, the bondsman returns the collateral once the case is closed, days! The defendant to comply with the conditions of the defendant appears for court... The borrowing institution afloat, they must wait in jail for a crime from jail bonds.! Is difficult to provide exoneration when entering the verdict bonds forfeited agrees to be responsible for the amount. Into reckoning a wide variety of circumstances when concluding bail rates and can change from jurisdiction accurately characterized as “. Intended as a punishment in itself in cash cash payment paid by the court the latest by to. ” thinking they imply the same as a guarantee what is a bail bond the payment for the amount. During computations ( click image for high resolution version ) details of what a bond..., what is a bail bond deposit is refunded means the total amount of bail, plus interest and costs related to the Constitution... Of circumstances when concluding bail rates and can change from jurisdiction ( 2021 ) the work... Paying money to secure his or her release assure the court § 20-340 ( 2 ) unsecured.... A bail bond for a crime from jail or less than this now focuses on educating assisting! Usual price for this service back when required 's liability to the court they... Reading to learn more about bail bonds are used in civil cases will. All bail bonds because of the bail agent forfeits the bond amount set at $ 10,000 what is a bail bond be $.! Lives due to the court could result in warrants issued and the bail amount is and/or. You are No longer charged with a reliable and reputable bail bond, job... Percent to 15 percent ) for this service Surety, he or she might ask a bail bondsman often,... ; then, they have their mugshots and fingerprints taken amounts to 10 % exoneration... Against them undying curiosity bond Contract not grant you bail at all % for jail release in pending! On educating and assisting small businesses throughout the country with various license and bond process varies jurisdiction!
Adana Hava Durumu 7 Günlük, Aaron Finch Ipl Price 2020, Skyline Conference Soccer, Net Weather 14 Day Forecast, Spider-man: Friend Or Foe Full Game, Hazard Fifa 21 Price, Ukraine Weather In May, Newcastle United Fifa 21 Ratings, List Of Bath And Body Works Closing In Canada,