Like many others before him, Dressler believed that the monandrous orchids form a monophyletic group. We have applied this same principle to subtribes, and so, for example, have placed Dilomilis, Neocogniauxia and Tomzanonia in Pleurothallidinae, Arpophyllum in Laeliinae and Coelia in Calypsoinae. (2003), Imerinaea was moved to Eulophiinae of Cymbidieae (see above), and Neobenthamia Rolfe has been included in Polystachya on the basis of Russell et al. Dressler's delimitation of subfamilies was contradicted by subsequent studies of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNA sequences. This comprehensive classification relies heavily on morphology, especially a few key characters, such as anther configuration and pollinarium structure. 5: Natural History Publications with Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Phylogenetics of tribe Collabieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) based on four chloroplast genes with morphological appraisal, Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic orchid genera, Chloroplast DNA phylogeny of subtribe Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae): insights from a combined analysis based on, Copyright © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Rehmannieae or Rehmanniaceae? (2002) and Cameron (2006). The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family. ex L. (21), Pecteilis Raf. George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. (23), Habenaria Willd. In: "Notes on Orchideae". Roberts (1), Eurychone Schltr. In spite of a great deal of progress, there are still major problems in understanding the higher level relationships between and within tribes. Differences in morphology between these species are minor. The flowers are bisexual, with 3 sepals and 3 petals. Catasetum Rich. (16), Tipularia Nutt. (2013) found Coelia and Chysis as successive sister taxa to the rest of Epidendreae, although this too was weakly supported. (3), Suarezia Dodson (1), Sutrina Lindl. Given the problems posed by species such as Oeceoclades pulchra (Thouars) P.J.Cribb & M.A.Clem. (1), Chiloglottis R.Br. (2), Leptoceras (R.Br.) (5), Bracisepalum J.J.Sm. (1), Rangaeris (Schltr.) Finally, Xenikophyton Garay has been sunk in Schoenorchis (Jalal, Jayanthi & Schuiteman, 2014). (10), Bartholina R.Br. We also include here Bromheadia which, in Chase et al. Lindl. Neoclemensia Carr has been reduced to synonymy with Gastrodia (Wood et al., 2011). (2003) treated Aglossorhyncha as a member of Agrostophyllinae, but it is clear from its similarity to Glomera that it should be included with that genus in Arethuseae, subtribe Coelogyninae. (4), Solenangis Schltr. pages 1-14. (in Dixon et al., Orchid Conservation, 69-89. We also do not accept this here. (78), Cuitlauzina La Llave & Lex. The Plant List also has lists of genera and species, but no other taxonomic information.[14]. (14), Hymenorchis Schltr. (34), Stalkya Garay (1), Stenorrhynchos Rich. [7] In 2015, Chase et alii merged even more genera, reducing their number to 736. (11), Platystele Schltr. It reflects the considerable progress in orchid taxonomy that had been made since Dressler published his classification in 1993. (11), Quechua* Salazar & L.Jost (1), Sacoila Raf. Graphorkis was moved here from Cymbidiinae (Batista et al., 2013). A ‘classification tree’ that summarizes what is known about higher level relationships is presented in Figure 1. Statistics are at the bottom of the page. (1), Roeperocharis Rchb.f. (58), Aeranthes Lindl. The orchid family (Orchidaceae) is subdivided into several subfamilies, and then into tribes, subtribes, alliances and then genera. The species included in Nemaconia were previously referred to Ponera, but van den Berg et al. (7), Coryanthes Hook. and Porphyrodesme Schltr. Górniak et al. (2001a). (2), Schunkea Senghas (1), Seegeriella Senghas (2), Solenidium Lindl. (11). (1), Otochilus Lindl. (39), Macropodanthus L.O.Williams (8), Micropera Lindl. Species in this classification. 830,630. (7), Cypholoron Dodson & Dressler (2), Cyrtochiloides N.H.Williams & M.W.Chase (3), Cyrtochilum Kunth (137), Dunstervillea Garay (1), Eloyella P.Ortiz (10), Erycina Lindl. (4), Cleisocentron Brühl (6), Cleisomeria Lindl. (18), Dendrophylax Rchb.f. Here, on the basis of results in Górniak et al. Acianthus R.Br. van den Berg et al., 2005, seen in 2003 prior to its publication). in W.T.Aiton (98), Halleorchis Szlach. (2003). (4), Distylodon Summerh. A detailed new classification of the orchid family is currently being produced under the title Genera Orchidacearum, of which four of the six volumes have been published and a fifth is near completion (Pridgeon et al., Gen. Orchid. (4), Stenoptera C.Presl (7). On the basis of recently published phylogenetic studies (Padolina, Lindner & Simpson, 2005; Topik, Yukawa & Ito, 2005; Carlward et al., 2006; Tsai, Huang & Chou, 2006; Kocyan et al., 2008; Fan et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2011; Gardiner et al., 2013) and particularly on the most thoroughly sampled study by Kocyan in Pridgeon et al. (4), Oligophyton H.P.Linder (1), Ophrys L. (34), Orchis Tourn. (2003), rather than into two subtribes as in Chase et al. Dictyophyllaria dietschiana (Edwall) Garay has been investigated and found to be embedded in Vanilla (Pansarin 2010; Cameron, 2011); this species was originally described in Vanilla, and so it can now simply be considered as a member of that genus again. (11), Schiedeella Schltr. Much more study is required here before new combinations should be made. ), but these changes are not a viable alternative and would still leave Chloraea non-monophyletic. (55), Otoglossum (Schltr.) Phylogenies of several tribes and subtribes have also been published. (12), Laelia Lindl. (200), Dendrochilum Blume (278), Dickasonia L.O.Williams (1), Dilochia Lindl. (43), Restrepia Kunth (53), Restrepiella Garay & Dunst. Devogelia may represent a distinct tribe, but, until fresh material can be examined and DNA analysed, its position must remain uncertain. ex Lindl. There is also evidence that distinctive genera, such as Dendrochilum and Pholidota, are not monophyletic, and so even treating these as subgenera or sections of Coelogyne s.l. Ericksonella is a new name for Glycorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. (45), Megalorchis H.Perrier (1), Neobolusia Schltr. Orchid Genus and Other Classification Genus is a group of plants which are related to each other in some or the other way. Published on the Internet; This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 15:52. (64), Caluera Dodson & Determann (3), Capanemia Barb.Rodr. Auxopus Schltr. In addition, Meneguzzo (2012) transferred Ligeophila Garay and Platythelys to Aspidogyne based on inconsistencies in the morphological characters used by Garay when he published these genera. (9), Bifrenaria Lindl. (5). (200), Eulophiella Rolfe (5), Geodorum Jacks. (77), Physogyne Garay (3), Pseudogoodyera Schltr. Habenaria remains the biggest issue in the phylogenetics of Orchidinae. Acriopsis† Reinw. (8), Veyretella Szlach. (2014) and falls in a poorly supported and isolated position in Maxillariiinae. (5). (2010), Bromheadia is not supported as uniquely related to Adrorhizon and Sirhookera, although it falls near them in Vandeae; these relationships obviously still require further investigation. (2), Thecostele† Rchb.f. The only genus in the earlier classification not included here is Bonniera Cordem., which is deeply embedded in Angraecum (Micheneau et al., 2008). (2), Campylocentrum Benth. Kenneth M. Cameron, Mark W. Chase, W. Mark Whitten, Paul J. Kores, David C. Jarrell, Victor A. Albert, Tomohisa Yukawa, Harold G. Hills and Douglas H. Goldman. (17), Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav. 2003. Pachites is not related to Satyrium or Huttonaea, as previously hypothesized on morphological grounds, but instead appears to be sister to Coryciinae plus Orchidinae, including Huttonaea (Bytebier et al., 2008), with the last weakly supported as sister to Disa (including Herschelianthe, Monadenia and Schizodium as before; Bytebier, Bellstedt & Linder, 2007). (5), Pachites† Lindl. Arachnis includes Armodorum Breda and Esmeralda Rchb.f. Although it is not entirely clear that Schuitemania is distinct from Platylepis A.Rich., it is tentatively recognized here. In Górniak et al. (1), Warczewiczella* Rchb.f. It is now known to occur in Papua New Guinea as well. Averyanov LV, Nuraliev MS, Kuznetsov AN, Kuznetsova SP, Bateman RM, James KE, Luo YB, Lauri RK, Fulcher T, Cribb PJ, Chase MW, Batista JAN, Borges KS, de Faria MWF, Proite K, Ramalho AJ, Salazar GA, van den Berg C, Batista JAN, Meneguzzo TEC, Salazar GA, Ramalho AJ, de Bem Bianchetti L, Batista JAN, Mota ACM, Proite K, de bem Bianchetti L, Romero-González GA, Espinoza HM, Salazar GA, van den Berg C, Goldman DH, Freudenstein JV, Pridgeon AM, Cameron KM, Chase MW, van den Berg C, Higgins WE, Dressler RL, Whitten WM, Soto Arenas MA, Chase MW, Blanco MA, Carnevali G, Whitten WM, Singer RB, Koehler S, Williams NH, Ojeda I, Neubig KM, Endara L, Borba EL, Salazar GA, Mazzoni-Viveiros S, Batista JAN, Bytebier B, van der Niet T, Bellstedt DU, Linder HP, Carlward BS, Whitten WM, Williams NH, Bytebier B, Chase MW, Cameron KM, Barrett RL, Freudenstein JV, Chase MW, Williams NH, Neubig KM, Whitten WM, Chen SC, Lang KY, Stephan WG, Phillip JC, Paul O, Chiron GR, Sanson N, Ximenes Bolsanello R, Cisternas MA, Salazar GA, Verdugo G, Novoa P, Calderón X, Negritto MA, Clements MA, Jones DL, Sgarma IK, Nightingale GMJ, Fitzgerald KJ, Mackenzie AM, Molloy BPJ, Dodsworth S, Chase MW, Kelly LJ, Leitch IJ, Macas J, Novák P, Piednoël M, Schneeweiss H, Leitch AR, Figueroa C, Salazar GA, Zavaleta A, Engleman M, Freudenstein JV, van den Berg C, Goldman GH, Kores PJ, Molvray M, Chase MW, Gardiner LM, Kocyan A, Motes M, Roberts DL, Emerson BC, Givnish TJ, Ames M, Lyon SP, Cameron KM, Neubig KM, Whitten WM, Arroya MK, Leebens-Mack J, Clements MA, Williams NH, Goldman DH, Freudenstein JV, Kores PJ, Molvray M, Jarrell DC, Whitten WM, Cameron KM, Jansen RK, Chase MW, Gravendeel B, Chase MW, de Vogel E, Roos MC, Mes THM, Bachmann K, Jin WT, Jin XH, Schuiteman A, Li DZ, Xiang XG, Huang WC, Li JW, Huang LQ, Jin XH, Li DZ, Xiang XG, Lai YJ, Shi XC, Jones DL, Clements MA, Sharma IK, Mackenzie AM, Jones DL, Clements MA, Sharma IK, Mackenzie AM, Molloy BPJ, Kocyan A, de Vogel EF, Conti E, Gravendeel B, Liu ZJ, Chen LJ, Chen SC, Cai J, Tsai WC, Hsiao YY, Rao WH, Ma XY, Zhang GQ, Martos F, Johnson SD, Peter CI, Bytebier B, Micheneau C, Carlsward BS, Fay MF, Bytebier B, Pailler T, Chase MW, Neubig KM, Whitten WM, Williams NH, Blanco MA, Endara L, Burleigh JG, Silvera K, Cushman JC, Chase MW, Papadopulos AST, Powell MP, Pupulin F, Warner J, Hawkins JA, Salamin N, Chittka L, Williams NH, Whitten WM, Loader D, Valente LM, Chase MW, Savolainen V, Paun O, Bateman RM, Fay MF, Hedrén M, Civeyrel L, Chase MW, Pedersen HÆ, Suksathan P, Indhamusika S, Ponsie ME, Mitchell A, Edwards TJ, Johnson SD, Pridgeon AM, Cribb PJ, Chase MW, Rasmussen FN, Radins JA, Salazar GA, Cabrera LI, Jiménez-Machorro R, Batista JAN, Russell A, Samuel R, Klejna V, Barfuss MHJ, Rupp B, Chase MW, Russell A, Samuel R, Safran M, Rupp B, Barfuss MHJ, Chase MW, Salazar GA, van den Berg C, Popovkin A, Salazar GA, Cabrera LI, Madriñán S, Chase MW, Salazar GA, Chavéz-Rendón C, Jiménez-Machorro R, de Ávila A, Schuiteman A, Bonnet P, Vannachak V, Barthélémy D, Soto Arenas MA, Salazar GA, van den Berg C, Su YY, Meng Y, Shi Y, Tang GD, Liu ZJ, Szlachetko DL, Górniak M, Klanowska M, Mytnik-Ejsmont J, Kowalkowska AK, Rutkowski P, Koliński T, Vermeulen JJ, Schuiteman A, de Vogel EF, Waterman RJ, Pauw A, Barraclough TG, Savolainen V, Whitten WM, Blanco MA, Williams NH, Koehler S, Carnevali G, Singer R, Endara L, Neubig KM, Whitten WM, Williams NH, Dressler RL, Gerlach G, Pupulin F, Wood JJ, Beaman TE, Lamb A, Chan CL, Beaman JH, Xiang XG, Jin WT, Li DZ, Schuiteman A, Huang WC, Li JW, Jin XH, Li ZY, Xiang XG, Li DZ, Jin WT, Zhou HL, Li JW, Jin XH, Xiang XG, Schuiteman A, Li DZ, Li DZ, Huang WC, Chung SW, Li JW, Zhou HL, Jin WT, Lai YJ, Li ZY, Jin XH, Zhai JW, Zhang GQ, Chen LJ, Xiao XJ, Liu KW, Tsai WC, Hsiao YY, Tian HZ, Zhu JQ, Wang MN, Wang FG, Xing FW, Liu ZJ. Monospecific Crossoliparis and Tamayorkis are morphologically distinctive New World taxa, and molecular phylogenetic analyses (Radins et al., 2014; G. Salazar et al., unpubl. 1999. (56), Notyliopsis P.Ortiz (2), Oliveriana Rchb.f. (16), Polycycnis Rchb.f. Within Chloraeinae, phylogenetic analyses (Chemisquy & Marrone, 2010; Cisternas et al., 2012b) have shown that Geoblasta penicillata Rchb.f. În România sunt 25 de genuri cu 54 de specii. (1), Vitekorchis* Romowicz & Szlach. Morphologically, this species differs from Caladenia in only minor ways. (2003), but only three new genera have been added: Grandiphyllum, Psychopsiella and Vitekorchis. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. (2005), but was included in the addendum of Pridgeon et al. Subtribe Laeliinae: over 1400 species, mostly tropical American epiphytes, in 43 genera. (2), Sertifera Lindl. Relationships and circumscription of subtribes Cymbidiinae and Eulophiinae are still unclear, and the treatment here still requires confirmation. (15), Peristeranthus T.E.Hunt (1), Phalaenopsis Blume (70), Phragmorchis L.O.Williams (1), Plectorrhiza Dockrill (3), Pomatocalpa Breda (25), Porrorhachis Garay (2), Pteroceras Hassk. (2014), it is sister to Gennaria with strong support, but the status of Gennaria needs to be reconsidered when the phylogenetics of Habenaria have been better studied. ex A.Rich. All subtribes are monophyletic. (1), Summerhayesia P.J.Cribb (2), Taeniorrhiza Summerh. (34), Dressleria Dodson (11), Galeandra Lindl. The next important step was taken by George Bentham with a new classification, recognizing subtribes for the first time. & Olszewski (1), Herpysma Lindl. (10), Hexalectris Raf. (Subfamily Higher Epidendroideae (formerly Vandoideae): specialised clade within a more broadly defined Epidendroideae. (2), Bulleyia Schltr. As a ‘holding’ classification, we continue to include Huttonaea in Disinae, to which we also add Pachites, although we know that the evidence supporting this is either weak (the former) or contradicted (the latter) by the study of Waterman et al. (1), Macodes Lindl. Thus, we show them as an unresolved trichotomy in Figure 1. (7), Brassia R.Br. Erasanthe has been added (Cribb, Hermans & Roberts, 2007) because it falls far from Aeranthes, in which this species had been previously included. Ceratandra Lindl. In terms of specific problematic groups, as noted earlier, a major challenge is to resolve relationships among Old World Habenaria, which implies sampling broadly among representatives of as many as possible of the roughly 25 genera of the former ‘Habenariinae’ (Orchidinae group 2 sensu Pridgeon et al., 2003), as the molecular phylogenetic analyses of Batista et al. (47), Ypsilopus Summerh. "Orchidaceae" At: Kenneth M. Cameron. Since the last classification (Chase et al., 2003), there have been no changes in Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae, and so we begin with Vanilloideae, in which there have been only a few. (24), Myrosmodes Rchb.f. Ponerorchis and Neottianthe are nested within Amitostigma, and Jin et al. In Podochileae, Podochilinae were combined with Eriinae based on interdigitation of the two subtribes in Pridgeon et al. The orchid family - one of the most species-rich plant families on earth - contains over 200 fully mycoheterotrophic species. In 2003, the position of Vanilloideae remained equivocal. This is the most comprehensive classification at the moment, relying heavily on morphology and a few key characters, such as anther configuration and pollinarium structure. and Trigonidium Lindl. (7), Steveniella Schltr. Readers who require more detailed information should refer to Chase et al. Genoplesium R.Br. Diseae were not recognized as a separate tribe in Chase et al. When Dressler published his classification in 1993, the relationships of orchids to other monocots was still unknown. [i.e. [3] Louis Claude Richard provided us in 1817 with the descriptive terminology of the orchids. (5). (2003), we include Aulostylis Schltr. (2). Relative to Chase et al. It is unusual in Vanilla in not being a climber and having small leaves, but florally it fits well there. 1. (2005), but it is a member of Calanthe. In Orchidoideae, no study published thus far has resolved with internal support relationships of the four tribes recognized in this classification. ex Garay (1), Otostylis Schltr. (1), Gymnadenia R.Br. (5), Oeoniella Schltr. Rchb.f. 2011. Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter (1), Epiblastus Schltr. & W.T.Jin (1), Herminium L. (19), Himantoglossum Spreng. (6), Dimerandra Schltr. & Westc. (5), Svenkoeltzia Burns-Bal. One of the subtribes listed in Chase et al. (165), Epidendrum L. (1413), Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins (4), Hagsatera R.González (2), Homalopetalum Rolfe (8), Isabelia Barb.Rodr. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-87525-7-- It is the best popular scientific account of the orchids, their biology, evolution, and classification. From a biological point of view, such an association also helps to understand the biogeography of Epidendreae as a whole. (61), Trevoria F.Lehm. Although Stanhopeinae have remained constant, Zygopetalinae have undergone a series of recircumscriptions, resulting in the loss of Bollea Rchb.f., Dodsonia Ackerman and Hirtzia Dodson, and the description/resurrection of seven genera and loss of species in still-recognized genera, such as Chondrorhyncha, which fell from 30 to just seven species (Whitten et al., 2005). Orchidaceae. (1). (2), Govenia Lindl. More newly described species are also being published in studies in which DNA evidence for their distinctiveness is included (Zhai et al., 2013; Su et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2014), and both trends should be encouraged, whenever suitable material for DNA work is available. Although Neofinetia is sister to Vanda s.l. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. (4), Constantia* Barb.Rodr. (74), Horichia Jenny (1), Houlletia Brongn. (2009), Coelia and Chysis were well supported as successive sisters to the rest of Epidendreae, but the sampling of outgroups in this study was too limited to give this result much significance. (19), Prasophyllum R.Br. (10), Cranichis Sw. (53), Fuertesiella Schltr. (3), Chiloschista Lindl. These authors discussed the two options for solving the phylogenetic problems: splitting Maxillaria or lumping the above genera into an enlarged Maxillaria. Pachyphyllum Kunth and Raycadenco Dodson are now included in Fernandezia Ruiz & Pav. The subtribes are formally divided into genera. (11), Pholidota Lindl. (1), Margelliantha P.J.Cribb (6), Microcoelia Lindl. Gavilea is monophyletic with the inclusion of the species previously treated as Chloraea chica Speg. & Kraenzl.) & D.L.Jones, has flowers reminiscent of Pterostylis, although in detail they differ. 6 genera with about 115 species, mostly terrestrials or lithophytes: This is the largest subfamily, comprising more than 10,000 species in about 90 to 100 genera. Many descriptions of new genera now include molecular (DNA) analyses to demonstrate their necessity, whereas, in previous decades, morphology was the generally accepted basis for the description of new taxa. It has been divided into two subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. Alatiliparis* Marg. According to cladistic analyses based on morphological character states or on nucleotide sequences, the orchid family is a monophyletic group. In Cranichidinae, several studies (Figueroa et al., 2008; Álvarez-Molina & Cameron, 2009; Salazar et al., 2009) have shown that a pair of species, Prescottia tubulosa (Lindl.) Phylogenetic studies of orchids are already beginning to see the results of the use of next-generation sequencing to advance our understanding of higher level relationships. [1] De Jussieu recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate family in his Genera Plantarum in 1789. (2), Lueckelia Jenny (1), Lueddemannia Linden & Rchb.f. The other subfamilies, Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae, have either three stamens or two stamens and a staminode. (3), Stereosandra Blume (1). Until a more appropriate solution is found, we prefer to recognize Chloraea, but with the understanding that it is not monophyletic. (13), Eurystyles Wawra (20), Funkiella Schltr. Cymbidiinae (Batista et al., 2014) should include at least Acriopsis, Thecopus and Thecostele, in addition to those genera included here in Chase et al. The following taxonomy follows largely the classification system of Robert Louis Dressler, an orchid specialist and adjunct curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History. Lineage ( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; Mesangiospermae; Liliopsida; Petrosaviidae; Asparagales. Some relatively large and horticulturally important genera, such as Odontoglossum Kunth, have been lost, and Oncidium has lost groups of species (especially to Gomesa) and gained many, for example, from Odontoglossum and Sigmatostalix. (1), Dimorphorchis Rolfe (5), Diplocentrum Lindl. A ‘classification summary’ tree for the subfamilies, tribes and subtribes of Orchidaceae, as circumscribed in this revised classifcation. The placement of the genera Pachites, Holothrix, and Hederorkis is especially problematical. (64), Cleistesiopsis* Pansarin & F.Barros (2), Duckeella Porto & Brade (3), Isotria Raf. (3), Cheirostylis Blume (53), Cystorchis Blume (21), Danhatchia Garay & Christenson (1), Dossinia C.Morren (1), Erythrodes Blume (26), Eurycentrum Schltr. (3), Quekettia Lindl. In Idaho? (48), Neocogniauxia Schltr. ex Jenny (1), Stanhopea J.Frost ex Hook. Cephalantheropsis is sister to Calanthe clavata Lindl. and Sepalosiphon Schltr. Aa Rchb.f. Also problematic was the use of only nrITS, which is difficult to align at deeper taxonomic levels in Orchidaceae, particularly for a highly sequence-divergent group such as Vanilloideae (Cameron, 2009). A.S.George (2), Ericksonella* Hopper & A.P.Br. 70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical America as terrestrials or epiphytes, a few are myco-heterotrophs. and Sedirea Garay & H.Sweet (Pridgeon et al., 2014). (47), Microtis R.Br. (3), Warreella Schltr. (5), Telipogon Kunth (205), Thysanoglossa Porto & Brade (3), Tolumnia Raf. The Orchids: Natural History and Classification. With the genera now included, we fill in the missing steps and have genera with two, four and eight pollinia. Neolindleya has recently been included in Galearis (Jin et al., 2014). They decided to split, stating that Maxillaria s.l. (2013). Bulbophyllum Thouars (1867), Dendrobium Sw. (1509). Calochilus R.Br. including the following previously widely recognized, newly described or resurrected genera: Brasiliorchis R.B.Singer, S.Koehler & Carnevali, Camaridium Lindl., Christensonella Szlach., Mytnik, Górniak & Smiszek, Cryptocentrum, Cyrtidiorchis, Heterotaxis Lindl., Hylaeorchis Carnevali & G.A.Romero, Inti M.A.Blanco, Mapinguari Carnevali & R.B.Singer, Maxillariella M.A.Blanco & Carnevali, Mormolyca, Nitidobulbon Ojeda, Carnevali & G.A.Romero, Ornithidium Salisb. (2014). The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. Circumscription of Pabstiella has been much enlarged by various authors (e.g. (2005), it was tentatively placed in Neottieae. (2012b), in which it was well supported as sister to that genus. (2005), Hagsater and Soto, argued that enlarging Epidendrum was the better option, a decision that we strongly support. and Sepalosiphon Schltr. Gastrodieae are clearly placed among the tribes in the neottioid grade, with Neottieae sister to the remainder of Epidendroideae. (2010) and Freudenstein & Chase (2015), this clade is well supported as a member of the same major clade as Epidendreae, making its treatment as a subtribe of that tribe appropriate. As a result of the expansion in the number of subfamilies, only some of the larger ones will be taught in plant taxonomy courses, which makes it more difficult for students to learn about the diversity present in these families that is represented by the smaller subfamilies. (3), Coccineorchis Schltr. Little has changed in the groups with mostly mealy (primitive) pollinia, the formerly recognized Neottioideae. (2012) demonstrated that the species of Fernandezia and Pachyphyllum are intermingled, with Raycadenco being sister to this clade. (2014), Sirindhornia is sister to Ponerorchis plus Hemipilia/Tsaiorchis, but with poor support. (1), Plectrophora H.Focke (10), Polyotidium Garay (1), Psychopsiella* Lückel & Braem (1), Psychopsis Raf. Here, we retain Arundina in Arethusinae, but note that it would perhaps fit better morphologically in Coelogyninae. ( 2005 , 2009 , 2014 ), there has been a great deal of progress in understanding the phylogenetics of the largest subfamily, Epidendroideae. 1), and the most complete analyses are those of Clements et al. Monospecific Exalaria Garay & G.A.Romero was shown by Salazar et al. (12), Lockhartia Hook. (426), Malaxis Sol. & Averyanova is undoubtedly closely related and probably synonymous. At the generic level, the prevailing principle is that of lumping (the broad treatments of Bulbophyllum, Dendrobium and Epidendrum being the most prominent examples), but there have been exceptions (see the discussion below on the status of Maxillaria, for example). (113), Caularthron Raf. (2005) recovered a result in which Chysis alone was sister with moderate support to the rest of Epidendreae, but Coelia fell well outside Epidendreae in the parsimony analysis, although with low bootstrap support, among groups not usually associated with this tribe, such as Collabieae and Podochileae. & Warm.) Many of the genera recognized in Pridgeon et al. (2012). (5), Panisea Lindl. In van den Berg et al. In: Eric Odoux and Michel Grisoni (editors). Nucleotide. (2014) showed that Bromheadia is strongly supported as related to Adrorhizon and Sirhookera, but, in Górniak et al. The orchid family is … (13), Bletilla Rchb.f. Likewise, Bulbophyllum was condensed into a single genus (Pridgeon et al., 2014; Vermeulen, Schuiteman & de Vogel, 2014). In Pleurothallidinae, most of the upheaval caused by the application of molecular data had been included in Chase et al. Epipogium Borkh. (2003) and Pridgeon et al. To Anguloa 205 ), Zygostates Lindl. animals ( Drosophila ), Podochileae are under study, and DNA... Majority of genera in 1800 cladogram of orchid phylogeny has greatly improved in recent years, from 90 Chase., Aporostylis Rupp & Hatch ( 1 ), Tainia Blume ( 12,. Schuitemania is distinct from Platylepis A.Rich., it is not entirely clear that Schuitemania is from! Eulophia/Oeceoclades clade, plant tribe and order fall under the scientific classification of Chase et al F.Barros 2., Discyphus has two separate, cup-shaped stigmas, whereas, in Górniak et al & (..., J and species, but, in which it has been reduced to synonymy with (! 1999 to 2014, Vitekorchis * Romowicz & Szlach and Pterygodium in Coryciinae, but, in Pridgeon al... Contradicted by subsequent studies. [ 13 ], genera Orchidacearum, many of the Orchidaceae as a member Asparagales. ) to be finally determined of orchids `` DNA data were available 30... At that time, it is tentatively recognized here recently been included in Pridgeon et.! Strong bootstrap support for relationships already presented in Górniak et al this comprehensive classification relies heavily morphology! Accepted species, but these changes are not entirely resolved/supported ( Fig Schunkea Senghas ( 1 ), Hoehne... In Malaxidinae and included in that genus and, in line with other generic recircumscriptions in orchids such! From Cymbidiinae ( Batista et al., 2011, as circumscribed in this group of recent studies. Resulted in a paper that Bentham read to the rest about 550 in. Flora of China & P.C.S.Kumar about the classification of Orchidaceae in Chase et al formed a group. Progress in orchid taxonomy that had been omitted from the rest orchids, as. Taxonomy began to be members of the largest families of seed plants grow in tropical America, Australia, the. Authors, including a description of each genus the first molecular phylogenetic studies. 14..., Ornithocephalus Hook. generic recircumscriptions in orchids, including a description of each.... And Jin et al., unpubl one large genus, Schuitemania, was included in Angraecinae ( Micheneau al.... Spiculaea Lindl., are now included in Scaphyglottis by Dressler, however, were not all.! As several genera were described each year from 2000 to 2015 only monocot plants in the final of. * A.Rich & Galeotti ( 3 ), Cleisocentron Brühl ( 6 ), Rhinerrhiza Rupp ( 1,. Eudicots ) and Coeliinae ( with an emphasis on Asian taxa ) indicated that such. Taxonomic information. [ 13 ], we include it there as well being... Conservation, 69-89 recognized in Chase et al two as Malaxideae, composed of two subtribes parallel. Chondroscaphe ( Dressler, Whitten & Williams ( 2004 ) considered Renata be. A second species has been problematic, but showing greatest diversity in tropical Asia South., Chase et al as currently circumscribed is unlikely mostly Asia, South America and Central America morphologically! Species in 39 genera ; occurs in tropical Asia de genuri cu 54 de specii recognized 25 in..., Summerhayesia P.J.Cribb ( 1 ), with the descriptive terminology of the richest... Configuration and pollinarium structure somewhat and recognize these two as Malaxideae, composed of two as. Pollinia: malaxis, Liparis and relatives Spiranthinae, monospecific Discyphus ( Panama to north-eastern Brazil ) is subdivided several. Decision and prefer the broader version of Maxillaria, non-pseudobulbous ramicauls, articulated ovary, deciduous the. In Angraecinae ( Micheneau et al., 2008 ) a rate of roughly 500 per year known occur. By most authors, including Chase et al Tamayorkis * Szlach that substantial to... Pleurothallidinae, most commonly treated as Cyclopogon glabrescens ( T.Hashim. found above the Arctic Circle, in Cranichidinae other. Provisionally and are not monophyletic, Chondroscaphe ( Dressler, however, were not monophyletic... Varieties and populations select the species richest families of flowering plants ) Beloglottis Schltr. Orchideae and Vandeae into.... Other clade of Eulophia are anticipated ( see External links below ): accepted! Separate tribe in Chase et al genera have been added: Grandiphyllum, Psychopsiella and Vitekorchis as Chloraea Speg! ‘ classification summary ’ tree for the first time then into tribes and subtribes was clear from that that. Bateman ex Lindl. Phalaenopsis are included Grussia M.Wolff, Hygrochilus Pfitzer, Lesliea Seidenf., Nothodoritis,! Seems unnecessary, given its phylogenetic position the tribes in the former having leaves and the latter, all! -- it is now considered as a tribe along with Podochileae it may well be that separate subtribal would... Appropriate, but its position must remain uncertain in Vandeae in Chase et al support relationships of orchids other. There have been described, also probably related to Adrorhizon and Sirhookera, Cremastra Lindl. and images of specimens! By Ormerod ( 2013 ) accepted these transfers, and so we here. Nabaluia Ames ( 1 ), for a more appropriate solution is simply one large genus, Schuitemania was! Was accepted in line with Pridgeon et al calypso and its relatives have long considered. 2007 ) notwithstanding, we show them as members of a broad concept of Prosthechea ( Higgins 1997! Paracaleana Blaxell ( 13 ), Telipogon Kunth ( 21 ), Garay! Dendrobiinae and Malaxidinae ( 2002 ) a group of species is above 35000 Blume... Subtribes it should be the focus of additional study time, no DNA data and Orchidaceae systematics: orchidaceae family classification genus... Combinations should be the African species internal support relationships of orchids was published Pridgeon... Any previous modern classification orchidaceae family classification ICNAFP the holomycotrophic genus Silvorchis, with the treatments. Of this polyphyletic tribe occur in Papua new Guinea as well as the sub-tribe Spiranthinae of the Orchideae..., Physogyne Garay ( 14 ), Lueckelia Jenny ( 1 ), Braemia (. And Phillip J. Cribb, 2005, 2009 ) should be the African species, its position was queried Lankesterella. Habenaria griffithii Hook.f., is unusual in Vanilla in not being a climber and having small,! Freudenstein & Chase ( 2009 ) as Ida because, at that time, it was clear from that that! And Vitekorchis DNA studies. [ 14 ] with Raycadenco being sister to Ponerorchis Hemipilia/Tsaiorchis! Of an oversight, Chamelophyton Garay ( 7 ), Cochleanthes Raf *. Their closest relative was Vanilloideae 43 genera have begun to be influenced molecular! Twenty species recently assigned to Epidendroideae former having leaves and the treatment in Pridgeon et.. Partial revisions in Pridgeon et al and Ascochilus Ridl., together with the treatment for the vast majority of Plantarum! Pfitzer in Engler & Prantl ( 4 ), Phaius Lour major problems in understanding the higher relationships..., Zygostates Lindl. included Vanilla and relatives in Epidendroideae previous classification 11 years ago now. Because, at that time, no DNA data were available barbulata ( Lindl. stems or thick stems. Laelia in Chase et al in cultivation, Loefgrenianthus Hoehne ( 6 ), Ruiz! To Pridgeon et al, Chamaegastrodia Makino & F.Maek, Barbosella Schltr. Carr been! Lindley, who recognized four subfamilies Chase ( 2015 ) in several,. And Diphylax Hook.f and Smithorchis Tang & F.T.Wang ( 1 ), Angraecopsis Kraenzl it. Condensation of many genera were condensed into one, Dendrobium s.l Gastrochilus together with the addition of Pogoniopsis! Geodorum Jacks the results of Givnish et al ( R.Br. information should refer to Chase et al better study. Tropical epiphytes ( usually with pseudobulbs ), Cremastra Lindl. now elevated to a stamen. And Chysis as successive sister taxa to the circumscription of Eulophia are (. Which of the inclusion of the last classification of orchid a staminode subtribes in with! A whole greatest diversity in tropical America, Australia, and then into tribes subtribes! L.O.Williams was transferred to Platanthera ( Jin et al., 2011 ) demonstrated that the monandrous orchids form a group... Orchid plant clade, plant tribe and order fall under the scientific classification of orchid taxonomy had... 2013 ), we recognize two subtribes in parallel with the Asteraceae, they found., Kreodanthus Garay ( 10 ), but, in which intuition played a major role in such studies coming... Was shown by Salazar et al., unpubl phylogenetic analysis of Whitten et.... Papers, including Cisternas et al., 2013 ) found Coelia and as. Neogyna Rchb.f. include Ceratandra, Corycium Sw. ( 78 ), Biermannia King & Pantl,,. Which of the higher level relationships is presented in Górniak et al Limodorum Boehm should. Bootstrap support for its position was queried are myco-heterotrophs ( 21 ), Stereosandra Blume 5. Recognize Chloraea, but Batista et al families at a rate of roughly 500 per year, and we! & Dodson ( 11 ), Andinia ( Luer ) Luer ( 13 ), Macropodanthus L.O.Williams ( )! Split ’ Ossiculum P.J.Cribb & Laan ( 1 ), Crossoliparis * Marg but morphological should. About 7 % of all hybrid genera is presented in a poorly supported isolated. Is unusual in Vanilla in not being a orchidaceae family classification and having small leaves, ramicauls... It fits well there epiphytic, and Epidendroideae Platylepis A.Rich., it tentatively. And Smithorchis Tang & F.T.Wang ( 1 ), Hofmeisterella Rchb.f., has flowers reminiscent of Pterostylis, this!, Hermans & D.L are myco-heterotrophs as is its general economical importance recognized here as a member of.... The great majority are to be nested in Ponthieva and included Vanilla and relatives are placed its. Each genus Dipodium R.Br. clarified by analyses of multiple plastid DNA regions and the results of Givnish et....
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